20 October] 1894. Alexander's ascension to the throne was followed by an outbreak of anti-Jewish riots. Today, March 1st, Alexander the Tyrant has been killed . Hola mundo! In front of his friends, his father called him a "girly girl." His mother, Maria Fyodorovna, was a clinging possessive woman who spoiled Nicholas. Controversy has erupted in Russia over a new film. When his father died, Alexander became Tsar. However, his phlegmatic nature restrained him from many exaggerations, and any popular illusions he may have imbibed were dispelled by personal observation in Bulgaria where he commanded the left wing of the invading army. 1871), Xenia (b. Industrial development increased during his reign. The entire family was executed by Bolshevik revolutionaries in 1918, but their burial place remained a mystery until 1991, when skeletal remains were found in a forest near Yekaterinburg, Russia. He love how his father brought in the The Universal Military Training act of 1874. "[53] This tension was reflected in the rivalry between Maria Feodorovna and Vladimir's wife, Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna.[54]. 1875), Michael (b. So when his 49-year-old father, Tsar Alexander III, died suddenly in November 1894, thrusting him onto the throne, Nicky was ill-disposed to rule. Alexander's major foreign policy achievement was helping forge the Russo-French Alliance and thus directing a major shift in the international relations of Russian society. ", Nelipa, M., ALEXANDER III His Life and Reign (2014), Gilbert's Books. After Alexander died, his heir Nicholas continued the tradition and commissioned two eggs, one for his wife, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, and one for his mother, Dagmar, every Easter. Place of Death The challenge posed was to carry out entire complex of genetic, anthropological as well as historical studies. We also may change the frequency you receive our emails from us in order to keep you up to date and give you the best relevant information possible. He also forbade morganatic marriages, as well as those outside of the Orthodoxy.[22]. The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and Russian state authorities have confirmed that work on the remains of Tsar Nicholas II and Alexander III is being conducted simultaneously. Tsar Alexander III. MOSCOW (Sputnik) - Running tests of latest Russian nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine "Emperor Alexander III" will start in June 2023, the Russian broadcaster reported on Thursday. He adopted programs, based on the concepts of Orthodoxy, autocracy, and narodnost (a . Officially, Alexander I died of typhus aged 47 on 1 December 1825, but evidence suggests he faked his demise and lived as a holy man. As Tsar, Alexander would repress non-Russians, religious minorities, and created the Okhrana. [8] Alexander's parents encouraged the match. 20 October] 1894. [32], Despite chilly relations with Berlin, the Tsar nevertheless confined himself to keeping a large number of troops near the German frontier. Pobedonostsev, who influenced the character of his reign by instilling into his mind hatred for representative government and the belief that zeal for Orthodoxy ought to be cultivated by every tsar. Alexander III was the epitome of what a Russian Tsar was supposed to be. 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By the end of his life, they loved each other deeply. Alexander had six children by Dagmar, five of whom survived into adulthood: Nicholas (b. Alexanders political ideal was a nation containing only one nationality, one language, one religion, and one form of administration, and he did his utmost to prepare for the realization of this ideal by imposing the Russian language and Russian schools on his German, Polish, and Finnish subjects, by fostering Orthodoxy at the expense of other confessions, by persecuting the Jews, and by destroying the remnants of German, Polish, and Swedish institutions in the outlying provinces. Pobedonostsev instilled into the young man's mind the belief that zeal for Russian Orthodox thought was an essential factor of Russian patriotism to be cultivated by every right-minded emperor. The author of the eggs - Carl Faberg - was born in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1846 in a family of a German from Estonia and daughter of a Danish artist.In 1842, his father founded a jewelry company in St. Petersburg, which 40 years later, under the leadership of Carl, attracted Russian Emperor Alexander III during his visit to the annual exhibition. He was given the task of establishing peaceful policies for the tsar. "[6], Unlike his extroverted wife, Alexander disliked social functions and avoided St. Petersburg. The Tsar's gaze! In addition to comparing DNA from Alexander III, investigators have other ways of tracing the family's genetic connections. I often feel that I am not worthy of her, but even if this was true, I will do my best to be. Czar Alexander III and his wife, Maria Feodorovna, posed for a photo in about 1885 with their children, including Nicholas II, the future czar, standing in back. He adopted programs, based on the concepts of Orthodoxy, autocracy, and narodnost (a belief in the Russian people), that included the Russification of national minorities in the Russian Empire as well as persecution of the non-Orthodox religious groups. 20 October]1894 at the age of forty-nine, and was succeeded by his eldest son Tsesarevich Nicholas, who took the throne as Nicholas II. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. At palace balls, he was impatient for the events to end. Then he met her in the Summer Garden. Or by navigating to the user icon in the top right. Though indignant at the conduct of Bismarck toward Russia, he avoided an open rupture with Germany and even revived for a time the Alliance of the Three Emperors between the rulers of Germany, Russia, and Austria. As a result, many Jews emigrated to Western Europe and the United States. Alexander III calling his son Nicholas II a girly girl.. [23], Alexander weakened the power of the zemstvo (elective local administrative bodies) and placed the administration of peasant communes under the supervision of land-owning proprietors appointed by his government, "land captains" (zemskiye nachalniki). Nicholas later had five children - one son and four daughters - with Alix. "Konstantin Petrovich PobedonostsevMan and Politician". Influenced by his Danish wife Dagmar, Alexander criticized the "shortsighted government" for helping the "Prussian pigs". So when his 49-year-old father, Tsar Alexander III, died suddenly in November 1894, thrusting him onto the throne, Nicky was ill-disposed to rule. Each one received an annual salary of 250,000 rubles, and grand duchesses received a dowry of a million when they married. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Alexander II. Remains of the czar, his wife, Alexandra (top right) and their children Olga (from left), Maria, Anastasia, Alexei and Tatiana have all been identified. Tsar Alexander III was forced onto the throne after his father's assassination in 1881. A secret diary has revealed that Russia's last Tsar got a teenage girl pregnant during an illicit love affair. Gender More interested in their own cultural heritage than in loving me?!. Under his rule, Russia moved towards reform, most notably in the abolition of serfdom. [6], Alexander was afraid of horses. (1865) Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov was born on 10 March 1845 in Saint Petersburg, Russia, the second son of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his wife Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse).. These acts weakened the nobility and the peasantry and brought Imperial administration under the Emperor's personal control. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. In front of his friends, his father called him a "girly girl." Cause of Death The far-flung corners of the Empire, some thousands of miles from Moscow, often proved ungovernable. On March 13 (March 1, Old Style), 1881, Alexander II was assassinated, and the following day autocratic power passed to his son. Though he was destined to be a strongly counter-reforming emperor, Alexander had little prospect of succeeding to the throne during the first two decades of his life, as he had an elder brother, Nicholas, who seemed of robust constitution. That dynasty would end with his son's execution by the. Less than a year after the wedding, Empress Alexandra had a baby girl, Olga, on November 15, 1895. Forceful, formidable, fiercely patriotic. Han var son till Alexander II och Maria av Hessen . 193 cm, Non-Russians?! . Alexander thought that his son was weak and pathetic and would usually call him names including "girly girl". Matilda directed by Aleksei Uchitel, deals with the love affair between the future Nicholas II, the last emperor of Russia, and the young Polish ballerina Mathilde Kschessinska (Matilda Kshesinskaya) of the Imperial Ballet in St Petersburg.The affair, which began slowly and reached its peak in 1893, was broken off before Nicholas' betrothal . While it is easy to see Alexander III as the repressive antithesis of his father, or the strong autocrat his son wished he could be, it is important to assess Alexander III's significance in . Aleksandr III Aleksandrovich; 10 March 1845 - 1 November 1894) [1] was Emperor of Russia, King of Congress Poland and Grand Duke of Finland from 13 March 1881 until his death in 1894. Alexander III was the Tsar of the Russian Empire from 1881 to his death in 1894. An extract of the memoirs which was edited out of the published version indicates she briefly carried the royals baby in 1893 soon after they began a secret sexual relationship. Dismayed to learn that Prince Wittgenstein had proposed to her in early 1866, he told his parents that he was prepared to give up his rights of succession in order to marry his beloved "Dusenka". As always your feedback is welcomed. As Tsar, Alexander would repress non-Russians, religious minorities, and created the Okhrana. Emperor Alexander II was 28 years older than his mistress. Alexander and his wife regularly spent their summers at Langinkoski manor along the Kymi River near Kotka on the Finnish coast, where their children were immersed in a Scandinavian lifestyle of relative modesty. Even the famed clergyman John of Kronstadt paid a visit and administered Communion to the Tsar. She matter-of-factly recorded the first time she slept with the then crown prince, who she called Nicky. Many of them felt the process was too secretive, and they were unconvinced that the remains were really those of Nicholas, Alexandra and their daughters. Though the Tsar and Tsarina certainly needed to produce a male heir, they doted on the girl, and Nicholas remarked, "We are grateful she was a daughter; if she was a boy she would have belonged to the people, being a girl she belongs to us." He died in the arms of his wife, and in the presence of his physician, Ernst Viktor von Leyden, at Maly Palace in Livadia on the afternoon of 1 November[O.S. "The only power it couldn't identify itself with was the Soviet one, though it tried, too. He was a conscientious commander, but he was mortified when most of what Russia had obtained by the Treaty of San Stefano was taken away at the Congress of Berlin under the chairmanship of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck. His reign was conservative and repressive. Although an enthusiastic amateur musician and patron of the ballet, Alexander was seen as lacking refinement and elegance. He was constantly bullied by his father, Alexander III, who did not appreciate Nicholas's shy and sensitive disposition. Alexander III's father, Czar Alexander II, was assassinated by a revolutionary's bomb in 1881, and his bloodstained coat has been preserved. However, this peace was often done at the expense of the working . Date of Death The look of a man who stood above all others, but who carried a monstrous burden and who every minute had to fear for his life and the lives of those closest to him. His death brought his conservative son. Alexander III, Russian in full Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, (born March 10 [February 26, Old Style], 1845, St. Petersburg, Russiadied November 1 [October 20, Old Style], 1894, Livadiya, Crimea), emperor of Russia from 1881 to 1894, opponent of representative government, and supporter of Russian nationalism. In response Alexander III then began cordial relations with France, eventually entering into an alliance with the French in 1892. [52] The prefect of St. Petersburg needed to escort Vladimir out of the restaurant. "[39], In the 1860s, Alexander fell in love with his mother's lady-in-waiting, Princess Maria Elimovna Meshcherskaya. Alexander III Alexandrovitj ( ryska III ), fdd 10 mars 1845 i S:t Petersburg, dd 1 november 1894 i Livadija, var kejsare av Ryssland, kung av Polen och storfurste av Finland frn 1881. [11], Alexander resented his father for having a long-standing relationship with Catherine Dolgorukov (with whom he had several illegitimate children) while his mother, the Empress, was suffering from chronic ill-health. Alexander went by the title. In another entry "Nicky stayed at mine for quite a while, he wanted to stay longer. 28 October]1866 in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Alexander wed Dagmar, who converted to Orthodox Christianity and took the name Maria Feodorovna. His straightforward, abrupt manner savoured sometimes of gruffness, while his direct, unadorned method of expressing himself harmonized well with his rough-hewn, immobile features and somewhat sluggish movements. In 1994, it was again put on public display, although in a different place in front of the Marble Palace. [8], Bismarck failed to do what was expected of him by the Russian emperor. Categories A Review Article", This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 22:53. He ruled from 1894 until his forced abdication in 1917. For Alexander's role in forging the Franco-Russian Alliance, the French Republic commissioned a bridge named in his honour, Pont Alexandre III. In more ordinary cases Tsar Alexander III could be at once kind, simple, and even almost homely. All the internal reforms that he initiated were intended to correct what he considered the too liberal tendencies of the previous reign. It was also expensive for the Crown to pay so many grand dukes each year. [8], The Tsesarevich could refer to these results as confirmation of the views he had expressed during the Franco-Prussian War; he concluded that for Russia, the best thing was to recover as quickly as possible from her temporary exhaustion, and prepare for future contingencies by military and naval reorganization. The construction of the seventh submarine of the Borei class ended earlier in the day, the news channel said. Biographical information 10 march 1845 The newspaper said the discovery of the unpublished typed extract penned in 1955 also finally answers persistent false rumours that she gave birth to a child by the royal. Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia remembered hearing Alexander say, To think that after having faced the guns of the Turks I must retreat now before these skunks. Picture: Vesti Tomsk Initially, Alexander refused to travel to Copenhagen because he wanted to marry Maria. Following the Revolution of 1917, the statue remained in place as a symbol of tsarist autocracy until 1937 when it was placed in storage. "Tsar Alexander III and the Boulanger Crisis in France. This included acquaintance with French, English and German, and military drill.[8]. Alexander II (born Alexander Nikolaevich Romanov; April 29, 1818 - March 13, 1881) was a nineteenth-century Russian emperor. beyond distribution houston tx; bagwell style bowie; alex pietrangelo family; atlas 80v battery run time; has anyone died at alton towers; [16] After his father's assassination, he reflected that his father's marriage to Catherine had caused the tragedy: All the scum burst out and swallowed all that was holy. November 1, 2016 Amy Eloise Kelly Russia, The Royal Mistresses Series, The Royal Women 0. hide caption. Alexander went by the title "Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias." He says the church especially wants the remains of Crown Prince Alexei and Grand Duchess Maria to be subjected to the most rigorous and transparent investigation. Margaret Maxwell, "A Re-examination of the Role of N. K. Giers as Russian Foreign Minister under Alexander III" pp 35253. The tsesarevich Nikolay, on his deathbed, had expressed a wish that his fiance, Princess Dagmar of Denmark, thenceforward known as Maria Fyodorovna, should marry his successor. As tsesarevich, Alexander began to study the principles of law and administration under Konstantin Pobedonostsev, then a professor of civil law at Moscow State University and later (from 1880) chief procurator of the Holy Synod of the Orthodox Church in Russia. When Alexander II ascended to the throne in 1855, Russia, weakened by an ignominious defeat in the Crimean War, was in such a state of crisis that the new emperor had to introduce reforms on such a massive scale that they were comparable . Coffins said to contain the remains of Nicholas, Alexandra and three of their daughters were displayed on a dais, as incense wafted through the cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul. His political legacy represented a direct challenge to the European cultural order set forth by German statesman Otto von Bismarck, intermingling Russian influences with the shifting balances of power. The look of his bright eyes made quite an impression on me. Mirotvorets, IPA:[mrtvorts]). ", Etty, John. By the 1890s Russia was exporting more than it was importing, and thus had started to develop a large surplus of money, approximately 286 million by his death in 1894, which could be invested in the infrastructure of the nation. Dagmar was so delighted by the First Hen egg that Alexander gave her an egg every year as an Easter tradition. His bloodied shirt was tested for DNA in 1993, but the results were inconclusive. (editor, 1967) ". He contracted a cold which developed into typhus, from which he died in the southern city of Taganrog. On the day of his assassination, Alexander II signed an ukaz setting up consultative commissions to advise the monarch. Lists with This Book This book is not yet featured on Listopia. In 1885, Tsar Alexander III gave his wife, Maria Feodorovna, a particularly special jewelled Easter egg. He was known to be highly conservative and a staunch supporter of Russian nationalism. [12] Two days after Empress Marie died, his father told him, I shall live as I wish, and my union with Princess Dolgorukova is definite" but assured him that "your rights will be safeguarded.[13] Alexander was furious over his father's decision to marry Catherine a month after his mother's death, which he believed forever ruined all the dear good memories of family life.[14] His father threatened to disinherit him if he left court out of protest against the marriage. Industries. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Alexander II (Father)Nicholas I (Grandfather) These were identified as Nicholas' younger children, Crown Prince Alexei and the Grand Duchess Maria. Encouraged by its successful assassination of Alexander II, the Narodnaya Volya movement began planning the murder of Alexander III. When Witte suggested that Nicholas participate in the Trans-Siberian Committee, Alexander said, Have you ever tried to discuss anything of consequence with His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke? Kshesinskaya was 17 when she met the future Romanov emperor, and two years later they began a passionate affair. With a deep insight into the tsar's moods and views, Girs was usually able to shape the final decisions by outmaneuvering hostile journalists, ministers, and even the Tsarina, as well as his own ambassadors. At a restaurant, Grand Duke Vladimir had a brawl with the French actor Lucien Guitry when the latter kissed his wife, Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Crafted in 1885 for Tsar Alexander III to gift to his wife Empress Maria Fyodorovna, the 'Jewelled Hen Egg' was 2.5 inches tall, with a white enamelled 'shell' and yellow-gold 'yolk' complete with a gold hen. Corrections? The reign of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1894-1918) was doomed from the start. ", I. Michael Aronson, "The Prospects for the Emancipation of Russian Jewry during the 1880s.". [2] He was highly reactionary and reversed some of the liberal reforms of his father, Alexander II. Alexander went by the title "Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias." The reign of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (1894-1918) was doomed from the start. [62] Soon after, his health began to deteriorate more rapidly. Mikhail Katkov and other journalists supported the emperor in his autocracy. Innehll 1 Biografi 1.1 Uppvxt och ungdom 1.2 ktenskap 1.3 Tronfljare 1.4 Kejsare [36] Also during his reign, construction of the Trans Siberian Railway was started. Alexander III didn't reverse everything that his father put in place, infact, some things he rather embraced. "[40] When she left his side, he missed her bitterly and complained: "My sweet darling Minny, for five years we've never been apart and Gatchina is empty and sad without you. Bronze Commemorative Medal for the Russo-Turkish War, Dorpalen, Andreas. Alexander III as Tsarevich, by Sergei Lvovich Levitsky. Remains of the czar, his wife, Alexandra (top right) and their children Olga (from left), Maria, Anastasia, Alexei and Tatiana have all been identified. With regard to Bulgaria he exercised similar self-control. "It's a cultural monument, it's the grave of an emperor, and to disturb the burial just to make sure, I think, is not quite justified.". Solicitar ms informacin: 310-2409701 | administracion@consultoresayc.co. Born: Moscow, 17 (29) April 1818. To begin with, "Nicky" never wanted to succeed his father as tsar. The palace was surrounded by moats, watch towers, and trenches, and soldiers were on guard night and day. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. tsar alexander iii girly girl. During the first 20 years of his life, Alexander had no prospect of succeeding to the throne. His reign cannot be regarded as an eventful period of Russian history; but under his hard rule the country made considerable progress.[34]. Alexander III Alexandrovich (Russian: III ; 1845 - 1894), born Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov, was the Tsar of Russia from 13 March 1881, until his death in 1894. Czar Nicholas II is shown with his family in the 1910s. 1868), George (b. The Okhrana uncovered the plot and five of the conspirators, including Aleksandr Ulyanov, the older brother of Vladimir Lenin, were captured and hanged in May 1887. Dmitry Lovetsky/AP )[citation needed] Other conservative advisors included Count D. A. Tolstoy (minister of education, and later of internal affairs) and I. N. Durnovo (D. A. Tolstoy's successor in the latter post). Nicholas proved unable to manage a country in political turmoil and to command its army during World War I. [5] When the Austrian ambassador in St. Petersburg said that Austria would mobilize two or three army corps against Russia, he twisted a silver fork into a knot and threw it onto the plate of the ambassador. As a result, Alexander ascended to the Russian imperial throne in Nennal. This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. Early life and education of Alexander III, Ascent to the throne and Russification program, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-III-emperor-of-Russia, RT Russiapedia - Biography of Alexander III, JewishEncyclopedia.com - Biography of Alexander III, History Learning Site - Biography of Alexander III, Alexander III - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Alexander III - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). To this disappointment, moreover, Bismarck shortly afterward added the German alliance with Austria for the express purpose of counteracting Russian designs in eastern Europe. 13 March [O.S. How did Alexander the 3rd die? Now the Russian Orthodox Church has ordered new DNA tests to confirm the identities of Maria and Alexei. oscar the grouch eyebrows. His reign was conservative and repressive, and may have spurred the discontent that eventually engulfed his son, Czar Nicholas II, in revolution. His grandfather was Alexander II, former Emperor of Russia. 26 February] 1845 1 November [O.S. Alexander enjoyed a more informal relationship with his youngest son Michael and doted on his youngest daughter, Olga. Tsar Alexander III's reaction to his fatal kidney inflammation is to pause for a second, calmly inform his son that he has it, then drop dead. (6 May) 1868, in the time of the 'Great Reforms' initiated by his grandfather Tsar Alexander II. If you have the time to leave a comment I'd really like to hear what you thought about the article. 1878) and Olga (b. This policy is known in Russia as "counter-reforms" (Russian: ). She revealed that she lost the child when a horse drawn sleigh overturned in then capital city St Petersburg, reported Moskovsky Komsomolets which carried out the research into her memoirs in the Russian State Archive. Her parents were ex-cavalry captain Mikhail Dolgorukov and his wife, Vera Vishnevskaia. Nicholas II was the target of an assassination attempt during a tour in Japan in 1891, before he became czar. Biography Alexander III was born in Saint Petersburg on March 10, 1845. [52] Alexander was so furious that he temporarily exiled Vladimir and his wife and threatened to exile them permanently to Siberia if they did not leave immediately. Afrikaans; ; Anarkiel; nglisc; ; Aragons; Asturianu; Azrbaycanca; ; ; Bn-lm-g; "[42] He died in Dagmar's arms, and his daughter Olga noted that "my mother still held him in her arms" long after he died.[43]. Post author By ; Post date assassin's creed odyssey cheat engine table 2020; pricing of hospital services ppt . The reign of Alexander III did a great deal to extend the power of the tsar at the expense of liberties taken for granted in Western Europe. Alexander III canceled the ukaz before it was published and in the manifesto announcing his accession stated that he had no intention of limiting the autocratic power he had inherited. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He was about to turn 13 when his grandfather was assassinated by a member of the . Alexander would died in November 1, 1894 due to kidney inflammation. 17 October]1888 the Imperial train derailed in an accident at Borki. "Opening the tomb of Alexander III is, I would say, inappropriate," he says. The termination of the Russo-German alliance in 1890 drove Alexander reluctantly into an alliance with France, a country that he strongly disliked as the breeding place of revolutions. Alexander III promoted peace in foreign affairs, despite being well prepared for any possible war. His policy was eagerly implemented by tsarist officials in the "May Laws" of 1882. "The identification that was made in the '90s considering the czar and his wife and some of his children actually was not recognized by the church," says Vakhtang Kipshidze, a church spokesman. Glamorous ballerina Mathilde Kschessinska was Nicholas IIs mistress before he wed German princess Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt, who bore him five children.