Online retailer Amazon released the Kindle, one of the first to gain a large following among consumers. Dollars. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. D. The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The Macintosh was the first successful mouse-driven computer with a graphical user interface and was based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. Spreadsheet This high performance processor found its place in powerful work stations intended for graphics-intensive programs common in engineering. Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. Find and create gamified quizzes, lessons, presentations, and flashcards for students, employees, and everyone else. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. The Nova line of computers continued through the 1970s, and influenced later systems like the Xerox Alto and Apple 1. While imprisoned at Buchenwald concentration camp for the rest of World War II, he refines his pre-war design of a calculator featuring a modified version of Leibnizs stepped drum design. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. Palm could be connected to a PC or Mac using a serial port to synchronize sync both computer and Palm. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Each processor had its own small memory linked with others through a flexible network that users altered by reprogramming rather than rewiring. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. The first Q1 microcomputer was delivered in December of 1972, making it the first, as far as he can tell. It featured a 5-inch display, 64 KB of memory, a modem, and two 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. The touchscreen enabled smartphone also had built-in GPS navigation, high-definition camera, texting, calendar, voice dictation, and weather reports. Once limited to surfing the Web, browsers are becoming the universal software platform on which end users launch into information searches, E-mail, multimedia file transfer, discussion groups, and many other Internet, intranet, and extranet applications. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Its task was to detect incoming Soviet bombers and direct interceptor aircraft to destroy them. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. ENIAC used panel-to-panel wiring and switches for programming, occupied more than 1,000 square feet, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes and weighed 30 tons. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. The company sold about 200 machines, losing $500 per unit. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. The IBM PC-RT had 1 MB of RAM, a 1.2-megabyte floppy disk drive, and a 40 MB hard drive. While larger than the previous G4 towers, the G5 had comparatively limited space for expansion. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile hard drive. Using dual PowerPC 603 CPUs, and featuring a large variety of peripheral ports, the first devices were used for software development. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. The Nest allowed for remote access to a users homes thermostat by using a smartphone or tablet and could also send monthly power consumption reports to help save on energy bills. Though it used a proprietary operating system, RISC OS, the RISC PC could run PC-compatible software using the Acorn PC Card. B. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. The PowerBook 170 was the high-end model, featuring an active matrix display, faster processor, as well as a floating point unit. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. In 1979, Truong sold R2E to Bull. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins. Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. The 1101, designed by ERA but built by Remington-Rand, was intended for high-speed computing and stored 1 million bits on its magnetic drum, one of the earliest magnetic storage devices and a technology which ERA had done much to perfect in its own laboratories. Wang was a successful calculator manufacturer, then a successful word processor company. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." The Central processing unit (CPU) serves as the primarily processing component of a computer system. The word "computer" was first used in 1613 in the book The Yong Mans Gleanings by Richard Braithwaite and originally described a human who performed calculations or computations. In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. The banking industry rushed to adopt the machine, built to run during repair or expansion. The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. Linux, NetWare, UNIX, Windows. It was named after John von Neumann, a world famous mathematician and computer pioneer of the day. With a distinctive anodized aluminum case, and hailed as the first true 64-bit personal computer, the Apple G5 is the most powerful Macintosh ever released to that point. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. . Under the direction of engineer Dr. Paul Friedl, the Special Computer APL Machine Portable (SCAMP) personal computer prototype is developed at IBM's Los Gatos and Palo Alto, California laboratories. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. _____ account allows changes that affect other users, changes to security settings, installation of software and hardware, and access to all files on the computer. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. The Video Display Module (VDM) marks the first implementation of a memory-mapped alphanumeric video display for personal computers. Term. It was designed by MIT Lincoln Laboratory engineer Wesley Clark. This very small home computer is available in the UK as a kit for 79 or pre-assembled for 99. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). Students included future computing pioneers such as Maurice Wilkes, Claude Shannon, David Rees, and Jay Forrester. Let us call it Simon, because of its predecessor, Simple Simon Simon is so simple and so small in fact that it could be built to fill up less space than a grocery-store box; about four cubic feet..